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This article examines how geographical proximity and social environments influence radicalization processes, focusing on the historical and socio-political context of Northern Ireland. The authors analyze how physical location, community structures, and social networks contribute to the development, reinforcement, and transmission of extremist ideologies. The research highlights the role of spatial segregation, community identity, and localized social interactions in shaping individuals’ susceptibility to radicalization and involvement in extremist activities. The study demonstrates that radicalization is not solely an ideological process but is deeply influenced by environmental, social, and geographic contexts, including neighborhood dynamics, peer influence, and community-level conflict histories. These findings provide critical insights into how extremist networks operate within specific physical and social environments, which is highly relevant to GRACE Repository objectives focused on preventing radicalization, promoting rehabilitation, and strengthening peaceful coexistence by addressing structural and environmental risk factors.