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This article examines the drivers behind top-down and bottom-up approaches to cross-cultural conflict resolution training, focusing on how expertise is defined, structured, and implemented in institutional and community contexts. Top-down approaches emphasize formal expertise from institutions, policymakers, and trained professionals, whereas bottom-up approaches prioritize local knowledge, community experience, and grassroots engagement. The authors analyze how these differing approaches affect training effectiveness, legitimacy, cultural sensitivity, and long-term conflict resolution outcomes. The study highlights that effective conflict resolution training often requires integrating both institutional expertise and community-based experiential knowledge to foster trust, cooperation, and sustainable peacebuilding.this article is highly relevant because it directly addresses training and educational strategies that strengthen conflict resolution capacity, promote peaceful coexistence, and enhance intercultural understanding. It reinforces the importance of inclusive, participatory approaches in peacebuilding and rehabilitation efforts, particularly in culturally diverse or conflict-affected societies. The findings are especially useful for designing rehabilitation, deradicalization, and community engagement programs, where trust-building and culturally sensitive training are critical for preventing radicalization and promoting social reintegration.This article is highly suitable for inclusion in the GRACE Repository. It provides valuable insights into conflict resolution training, intercultural dialogue, and peacebuilding education—key components in preventing radicalization, strengthening community engagement, and supporting rehabilitation and reintegration initiatives.