About Book

This book presents the proceedings of a three-day academic debate convened by the Pak Institute for Peace Studies (PIPS) in 2011–12, where leading religious scholars from diverse schools of thought examined the concepts of takfeer (excommunication) and khurooj (armed rebellion against the state). These concepts have been misused by militant groups in Pakistan to justify violence and rebellion, creating religious and social polarization. The text includes the scholars’ addresses, legal and historical discussions, and deliberations contextualized within Pakistan’s political and constitutional framework. By preserving original Urdu terms alongside translations, the book maintains authenticity while ensuring accessibility. It is highly relevant for understanding extremist narratives, counter-radicalization strategies, and religiously grounded peacebuilding.