About Book

This book is a transcription of recorded proceedings from a series of debates arranged by PIPS among religious scholars from various schools of thought, held during 2011–12, about the legal, theological, historical, and political dimensions of takfeer and khurooj. It aims to explore how these concepts have been interpreted, misinterpreted, or manipulated by extremist groups to justify violence, sectarianism, or rebellion. The book preserves Urdu terms and includes translators’ notes, summarizations and occasionally deletions for avoiding repetitions.