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This systematic literature review examines how the Internet contributes to radicalization processes, focusing on both right-wing extremism and jihadism. Through a methodical search strategy, the authors identified 88 relevant studies, revealing that most research emphasizes the structural characteristics of extremist websites while largely ignoring the user-centered perspective. Key findings include: • Extremist actors use the Internet to promote ideologies, foster echo chambers, operate via covert platforms, and specifically target marginalized populations. radicalisationresearch.orgDirectory of Open Access Journals • There is a notable research gap concerning how users interact with radical content and the causal mechanisms driving radicalization at the intersection of Internet content and user behavior. radicalisationresearch.orgDirectory of Open Access Journals • The review advocates for future research to integrate insights from media studies, social identity theory, and deindividuation effects in computer-mediated communication to enrich the understanding of online radicalization. Directory of Open Access Journals.This review offers a comprehensive, cross-ideological synthesis of the digital dimensions of radicalization, with a robust methodological grounding. Its strength lies in highlighting gaps in the literature—particularly the absence of focus on user agency—and proposing interdisciplinary lenses for future inquiry. Its findings are particularly valuable for researchers, policymakers, educators, and practitioners working in fields of online counter-radicalization, digital literacy, and extremist content regulation.