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An attempt is made to embed the study of political terrorism within the larger phe nomenon of Collective Action. It is suggested that the analysis of dynamics within and between components of Collective Action—structure of conflict, a social move ment, authorities, and contention—can be beneficial for gaining additional insights into the study of group risk for political terrorism. Using the case of the Tanzim contention with Israeli forces it is demonstrated how processes within, between, and outside the conflictants affected Tanzim members’ decision to employ political ter rorism. Based on the analysis, several implications for counterterrorism are offered.