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Pakistan’s Pashtun tribal region, formerly known as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), has witnessed decades of instability, conflict, and deterioration in the postcolonial state of Pakistan. Soon after Pakistan’s independence on August 14, 1947, the Pashtun tribal frontier (later known as FATA), carved out by the British Raj to tame the Pashtun tribes on the border through the Durand Line agreement in 1896, was also absorbed by the newly formed state of Pakistan and governed under the colonial-era Frontier Crimes Regulation, 1901 (FCR). The FATA region was a semi-autonomous Pashtun tribal region, composed of seven tribal agencies and six Frontier Regions (FR). The region was carved out by the British Raj, through the Durand Line, to separate urban “civilized" Pashtun from the rural “savage" Pashtuns. After Pakistan’s independence in 1947, the Pakistani state kept the FATA region in its colonial form, governing with colonial-era Frontier Crimes Regulation (FCR) until May 24, 2018